Comparative Analysis of Military Servant Pension Systems in India, the United States of America, and Great Britain

Abstract

The article analyzes and compares the activities of the pension system for persons discharged from military service in India, the United States of America and the United Kingdom, taking into account its economic, social and legal features. Particular attention is paid to studying the possibilities of introducing effective elements of these systems into the Ukrainian pension system in order to increase the level of social security for persons discharged from military service. The scientific research is interdisciplinary in nature and is based on comparative analysis, which makes it possible to identify promising areas of reforming the pension system for military personnel of Ukraine. The purpose of the research is to study the Indian, British and American pension systems for military personnel and to introduce the experience of these countries for adaptation into the legislation of Ukraine. Attention is focused on financing mechanisms, regulatory and legal regulation, institutional and support and the level of pension provision after discharge from military service. Methods. The study is based on the method of comparative analysis, which allows comparing the pension systems of India and the United States of America and the United Kingdom. A systems approach was used to study the relationship between economic and legal factors affecting the effectiveness of pension provision. The key features and advantages of the United States of America and the United Kingdom models of pension provision, which can be adapted to Ukrainian realities, were identified using content analysis of regulatory legal acts, statistical data and reports of international organizations. Results. It was found that the pension system of military personnel in the United States of America and the United Kingdom is characterized by a relatively advanced regulatory framework, stable financing and effective mechanisms for the social integration of veterans. The main feature of the United States of America and the United Kingdom models is a flexible combination of state and personalized pension support, as well as professional retraining and post-service support programs that contribute to the successful adaptation of military personnel to civilian life after discharge. Conclusions. The high efficiency of the American and British models of military pension provision is due to a comprehensive and systematic approach to supporting individuals after discharge from service. Taking into account modern economic and security challenges, Ukraine has real potential for adapting individual elements of these pension systems. In particular, the introduction of tax incentives, professional retraining programs, as well as ensuring access to specialized social services can significantly increase the level of social protection of discharged military personnel. This will contribute to their effective integration into civilian life and strengthening the national security and defense system.