Artificial intelligence systems in criminology: Threats and opportunities

Abstract

The purpose of this scientific article is a comprehensive theoretical understanding of the possibilities and threats of using technologies based on artificial intelligence in criminology under conditions of martial law and active hostilities in Ukraine. The object of the study is the transformation of criminological practice under the influence of technological development and digitalization of the security sphere. The task of the article is to identify the essential principles of using such technologies, analyze potential risks, assess security potential in the modern context and form the principles of normative and ethical regulation of national policy taking into account the conditions of a full-scale armed invasion. It is proven that systems based on artificial intelligence make it possible to automate the detection of patterns, predict the behavior of criminals and recognize potential threats at the early stages, which is extremely important in a situation when traditional institutions of the law enforcement system are under enormous strain. The article defines the essential principles of implementing technologies based on artificial intelligence in criminological practice, taking into account the conditions of a full-scale armed invasion and martial law in Ukraine. It is proven that such technologies have an extremely high security potential, as they provide the ability to analyze large volumes of data, build forecasts of criminal behavior, identify anomalies and form proactive prevention strategies. The study also substantiates the four most significant threats associated with the use of such technologies: algorithmic bias, imperfect legal regulation, technical vulnerability of digital infrastructure and blurring of the boundaries of responsibility between law enforcement actors. It is established that the effective use of intelligent systems in criminology requires a balance between technological innovations and ethical, legal and social control, especially in crisis conditions, when violations of rights and freedoms can have long-term consequences.