Application of Artificial Intelligence in Pre-Trial Investigation of Criminal Offenses under Article 286 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine

Abstract

This article explores the capabilities and prospects of applying Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies in the pre-trial investigation process of criminal offenses stipulated by Article 286 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine (violation of road safety rules or vehicle operation). It outlines the advantages and disadvantages of AI implementation. Particular attention is paid to the use of AI for processing vast amounts of information (recordings from public cameras, road cameras, "Safe Cities of Ukraine" cameras, dashcams, etc.); facial recognition in photos/videos; modeling the circumstances of road traffic accidents (RTAs); analyzing collected evidence; and creating procedural documents. The article addresses crucial legal and ethical issues associated with AI application in criminal proceedings, including ensuring human rights, algorithmic transparency, and personal data protection, emphasizing the need for developing clear protocols and control over AI-assisted decisions. International best practices for successful AI implementation in law enforcement are presented, along with the opinions of scholars in this field. The article underscores the necessity for further research and the development of a corresponding legal framework for the responsible integration of AI into the practice of investigating road traffic crimes in Ukraine. It is also highlighted that AI does not replace the investigator but acts as a powerful auxiliary tool that enhances the objectivity, speed, and quality of pre-trial investigations of criminal offenses under Article 286 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The introduction of these technologies represents a significant step towards improving the efficiency of the law enforcement system.