Особливості професійно-правової підготовки поліцейських у транзитивному суспільстві

Abstract

This article examines the specific features of professional and legal training of police officers in transitional societal conditions, particularly in the context of the reform of Ukraine's law enforcement system, and aims to identify directions for improving such training.

Methodologically, the research is based on the use of a systemic-structural approach to study the regulatory framework and structure of police professional training, a comparative method to analyze domestic and international experiences, and a sociological method to incorporate empirical data on training effectiveness (e.g., public trust levels, survey results). To ensure the objectivity and reliability of the conclusions in the study, a comprehensive approach was used to select empirical data, incorporating criteria of relevance and source credibility. Specifically, the study considered the results of research, surveys, and monitoring conducted no earlier than the past ten years, with particular attention to the period following the launch of the 2015 reform. The selected data were gathered or published by international missions (EUAM, OSCE), Ukrainian government bodies (the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ombudsman’s Office), and leading sociological agencies.

The study reveals that following socio-political transformations and the initiation of police reform in Ukraine (2014–2015), a new police training system was developed, oriented towards international standards and practical competencies. It has been established that, in accordance with the Law of Ukraine "On the National Police," police professional training includes initial professional training, education at specialized higher education institutions, postgraduate education, and in-service training. The article emphasizes the key role of legal knowledge and skills in police work, particularly in the formation of democratic institutions: well-educated and properly trained police officers are more capable of solving problems effectively, adhering to human rights standards, and increasing public trust. The research demonstrates that in transitional societies, it is essential to combine the best international standards of police education with national traditions and societal needs.

In conclusion, it is emphasized that professional and legal training of police officers during a transitional period should be grounded in the principles of the rule of law and be responsive to contemporary challenges. To enhance training effectiveness, the following recommendations are made: update curricula in accordance with current legal standards and challenges (including under martial law); implement innovative teaching methods (simulations, human rights training, etc.); and ensure continuous professional development of personnel. Future research should focus on studying the impact of training quality on police performance and the level of public trust in law enforcement agencies.