Use of specialized knowledge during pre-trial investigation

Abstract

The article examines the specific features of the use of special knowledge during pre-trial investigation. In particular, it defines the concept of special knowledge and its significance for the investigation of criminal offences, and outlines the problematic aspects and difficulties that arise when engaging specialists and appointing forensic examinations in criminal proceedings.

The purpose of the article is to study the peculiarities of the use of special knowledge during pre-trial investigation. To achieve the scientific result, the following objectives and tasks were set: 1) to define the concept of special knowledge and its significance for the investigation of criminal offences; 2) to outline the forms of using special knowledge in criminal proceedings; 3) to examine the concept and types of forensic examinations, as well as the specific features of their appointment in criminal proceedings.

The research methodology consists of general scientific methods (analysis and synthesis, generalization), as well as special legal methods (comparative legal, formal legal, and systemic legal methods).

It has been established that the use of special knowledge during pre-trial investigation contributes to a comprehensive examination of the circumstances of criminal offences, effective detection of traces during investigative (search) actions, their examination, and obtaining scientifically grounded conclusions based on the results of forensic examinations.

It is concluded that the use of special knowledge in the investigation of criminal offences ensures a comprehensive and complete examination of the circumstances of their commission, including the detection, seizure, and examination of any traces of a criminal offence or offender, as well as the obtaining of full and reliable evidence. Special knowledge in criminal proceedings is used in two forms: procedural and non-procedural. The procedural form involves the participation of a specialist in investigative (search) actions, the conduct of forensic examinations, and the engagement of an expert. The non-procedural form of using special knowledge is implemented through the investigator’s receipt of consultative assistance from a specialist on issues related to criminal proceedings.