Modernization of South-East Asia Countries in the Context of Global Transformations

Abstract

The article aims to comprehensively analyse the features of modernisation processes in South-East Asian countries through the lens of their adaptation to contemporary global economic, political and technological transformations, as well as to identify the key drivers, contradictions and prospects of regional development. The research is based on systemic, comparative-political and institutional approaches. Methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction and case-study are applied to individual national models (Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia). It is established that modernisation in the SEA region has passed through several distinct phases  -  from import substitution to export orientation and digital transformation. The specificity of Asian modernisation models is the active role of the state as a strategic planner and investor. The geopolitical rivalry between the USA and China creates new challenges for ASEAN countries, forcing them to balance economic pragmatism and security demands. Digital economy and human capital are becoming decisive competitiveness factors. South-East Asian countries demonstrate a unique adaptive potential amid global transformations, combining state activism with market mechanisms and successfully integrating into the global economy. The experience of the region is of significant practical interest for countries pursuing systemic modernisation under external threats, particularly for Ukraine.