Corruption risks in the activities of public officials: theoretical and legal analysis

Abstract

Purpose. The study aims to provide a comprehensive theoretical and legal analysis of the nature of corruption risks in the activities of public officials, to determine their essential characteristics and conditions of occurrence, and to substantiate effective approaches to their minimization in the context of modern transformations in public administration. Methods. The research is based on general scientific and special legal methods, including analysis, synthesis, a systemic-structural approach, the formal legal method, and the method of comparative legal analysis. The application of these methods made it possible to examine the regulatory framework, scientific approaches, and practical aspects of anti-corruption mechanisms.

Results. It is established that corruption risks in public administration are complex and multi-level in nature and manifest themselves in key areas of official activity, including personnel management, financial and economic operations, public procurement, and the provision of administrative services. The study identifies the main factors contributing to these risks, such as imperfections in legal regulation, discretionary powers, insufficient internal control, and conflicts of interest. The expediency of classifying corruption risks into institutional and systemic categories is substantiated, which allows for a more precise determination of measures for their elimination. It is proven that effective counteraction to corruption requires a combination of preventive measures (risk identification, digitalization of procedures, increasing transparency) and response measures (strengthening legal liability and improving the functioning of anti-corruption institutions). Particular attention is paid to the role of financial control, auditing, electronic governance systems, and public monitoring as key tools for reducing corruption risks.

Conclusions. It is substantiated that reducing corruption risks is possible through systematic improvement of legal regulation, strengthening the institutional capacity of public authorities, implementation of modern digital solutions, and active involvement of civil society. The study demonstrates that the integration of international standards and the development of a culture of integrity are essential prerequisites for enhancing the effectiveness of anti-corruption policy and ensuring transparency in public administration.