Genesis and Evolution of Scientific Approaches to the Study of Integration Processes in the Context of the Emerging Information Society

Abstract

The article provides a retrospective analysis of the development of scientific thought regarding the phenomenon of integration. The author identifies and characterizes three key stages in the evolution of these approaches:

• Classical Period (Mid-20th Century): Based on structural-functional analysis (T. Parsons, R. Merton) and systems theory. Integration is viewed as a mechanism for internal stabilization, the coordination of social subsystems, and the harmonization of societal norms.
• Political-Economic Period (Second Half of the 20th Century): Associated with the development of interstate and supranational cooperation (notably the EU). The focus shifts to transnational interaction, the delegation of sovereignty to common institutions, and the creation of unified markets (J. Monnet, R. Schuman, K. Deutsch).
• Digital/Information Period (Late 20th – Early 21st Century): The contemporary stage, where integration transforms into a complex process of forming a unified information space. The emphasis moves toward technological compatibility (interoperability), cybersecurity, legal regulation of digital flows, and socio-cultural adaptation under globalization.

Conclusion: It is demonstrated that the modern concept of integration is inherently multidisciplinary, merging technological, economic, legal, and social factors. This reflects a transition from traditional governance models to dynamic interaction within a global digital environment.